Boney M. is a Eurodisco group created by German record producer Frank
Farian. Originally based in Germany, the four original members
of the group's official line-up were Jamaicans Liz Mitchell and
Marcia Barrett, Maizie Williams from Montserrat and Bobby Farrell
from Aruba. The group was formed in 1975 and achieved popularity
during the disco era of the late 1970s.
German singer-songwriter Frank Farian (real name Franz Reuther)
recorded the dance track "Baby Do You Wanna Bump" in December
1974. Farian sang the repeated line "Do you do you wanna bump?" in
a deep voice (entirely studio created) as well as performing the
high falsetto chorus. When the record was released as a single, it
was credited to "Boney M.", a pseudonym Farian had created
for himself after watching the Australian detective show Boney. After
a slow start, the song became a hit in the Netherlands and Belgium.
It was then that Farian decided to hire performers to 'front' the
group for TV performances. The Katja Wolfe booking agency found model-turned-singer
Maizie Williams (originally from Montserrat) and her Jamaican singer
friend Sheyla Bonnick for him, along with a dancer known only as "Mike" for
the first gigs. Also during 1975, a girl named Nathalie joined but
was soon replaced by Claudja Barry. Then Bonnick and Mike left, and
Maizie Williams brought in Bobby Farrell, an exotic male dancer from
Aruba. Singer Marcia Barrett (also from Jamaica) joined the group,
which then went through another change in line-up when Claudja Barry – tired
of merely lip-synching – left in February 1976 to pursue a
solo career as a disco singer. Finally Liz Mitchell, former member
of the Les Humphries Singers, stepped in. The line-up was finalised
with Liz Mitchell, Maizie Williams, Marcia Barrett, and Bobby Farrell.
[edit] Take the Heat Off Me
Boney M.'s first album, Take the Heat Off Me, was released in 1976.
It contained tracks that Marcia Barrett had already recorded with
Farian, including the title track and "Lovin' or Leavin'",
both of which were previously recorded in German by another Farian
act, Gilla. As Maizie Williams' voice wasn't considered suitable
for recording purposes by Farian, and a try-out with Bobby Farrell
performing "No Woman No Cry" didn't work, Farian decided
to use only Liz Mitchell and Marcia Barrett along with his own studio-enhanced
voice to create the Boney M. sound.
Liz Mitchell claimed that only she and Farian had sung on the hit
recordings, but that Farrell did, however, perform live in some of
the various later touring incarnations of 'Boney M'.[1]
The album's commercial performance was initially lukewarm. However,
the group rigorously toured discos, clubs and even country fairs
to earn a reputation for themselves. The group's big break came when,
at the end of summer 1976, German television producer Michael 'Mike'
Leckebusch (of Radio Bremen) requested the group for his show Musikladen.
Boney M. appeared on the live music show on September 18, 1976, after
10 pm and in their daring stage costumes, where they performed the
song "Daddy Cool". The song quickly went to no.1 in Germany,
with the album following the success of the single. Another single, "Sunny" (a
cover of the 1966 Bobby Hebb song) gave the group their second no.1
hit. The group's popularity had also grown throughout Europe, with "Daddy
Cool" reaching no.1 in Switzerland, Sweden, Norway, and Austria.
Both singles were also Top 10 hits in the UK which would become one
of their biggest markets.
[edit] Love for Sale
In 1977, Boney M. released their second album, Love for Sale, which
contained the hits "Ma Baker" and "Belfast".
The group embarked on their first major concert tours with a live
band of musicians called 'The Black Beautiful Circus' (given their
name after Maizie Williams' first band, 'Black Beautiful People').
Though slow to start Love for Sale was certified Gold a year after
its release in the UK. Both singles from the album reached no.1 in
Germany and the UK Top 10. By this time, sales had also slowly increased
for their first album which had peaked at no.40 in the UK but was
now certified Silver.
[edit] Nightflight to Venus
1978 was the group's biggest year. They released a new double A-sided
single, "Rivers of Babylon/Brown Girl in the Ring", which
became a massive hit all over Europe, reaching #1 in several countries
as well as becoming one of the biggest selling singles of all time
in the UK. It also became their most successful single in the United
States, peaking at #30 on the U.S. pop singles chart. Following this
came their biggest-selling album, Nightflight to Venus, which spawned
another hit single, "Rasputin". Continuing with their success,
they released "Mary's Boy Child/Oh My Lord", which was
the 1978 Christmas number one single in the United Kingdom and became
another of the biggest selling singles of all time there. Also during
1978, Boney M. made a much publicized promotional visit to the Soviet
Union, one of the very few Western acts along with Elton John to
do so, although tracks like "Rasputin" were not released
in the Soviet Union due to their lyrics.[2]
While it had never been a secret that Bobby Farrell never was in
the studio providing vocals for the studio recordings (Farian did
the male vocals in the studio), in 1978 it became public knowledge
that Maizie Williams did not sing on the studio recordings either "since
her voice wasn't suited for this kind of music", as Farian stated
in an interview with German teen magazine Bravo. Since this had become
common practice within the disco genre of the late '70s, few people
cared – unlike when Farian did the same thing with Milli Vanilli
in the late 1980s. While only two of Boney M.'s official members
actually contributed to the band's records, all four members of the
group, including Maizie Williams and Bobby Farrell, performed the
vocals live at Boney M. concerts.[3] The band's live sound was also
augmented by several backing vocalists, which served to enhance any
vocal deficiencies the group may have had compared with the studio
productions.
[edit] Oceans of Fantasy
1979 saw Boney M. release a brand new single, "Hooray! Hooray!
It's a Holi-Holiday", which became another Top 10 hit across
Europe. Later in the year they released their fourth album, Oceans
of Fantasy, containing two hit singles – "Gotta Go Home"/"El
Lute" and "I'm Born Again"/"Bahama Mama".
The album also included a "Lead" and "Backing Vocals" credit
for the first time. Oceans of Fantasy reached no.1 in the UK and
was certified Platinum, though their run of Top 10 singles had now
ended with "Gotta Go Home" peaking at no.12 and "I'm
Born Again" peaking at 35.
[edit] The 1980s
In 1980, Boney M. released a greatest hits album, The Magic of Boney
M. - 20 Golden Hits, which also contained two new songs, "My
Friend Jack" and "I See a Boat on the River". It made
the #1 spot in the UK, reaching Gold status within six weeks of release,
though it was their last big-selling album in the UK.
Boney M.'s fifth album had been scheduled for release in November
1980 but the recording sessions dragged on all through 1981. When
Boonoonoonoos was finally released by the end of that year, Bobby
Farrell was fired from the group due to his unreliability. While
still a healthy seller in continental Europe, "Boonoonoonoos" failed
to crack the UK Top 100 after three consecutive #1 albums, and Farrell's
departure left the group unable to promote it. Following this, the
group released a Christmas Album.
Reggie Tsiboe was hired to replace Farrell as the new male member
of Boney M. in 1982 but the singles "The Carnival Is Over" and "Jambo" fared
poorly, and the group's seventh album Ten Thousand Lightyears, issued
in 1984, marked another commercial low point. The group, however,
returned to the German Top 20 in the autumn of 1984 with "Kalimba
de Luna" and "Happy Song", the latter seeing Bobby
Farrell return to the group. Both songs were carbon-copies of the
original Italian hits by Tony Esposito and Baby's Gang respectively.
By 1985, Farian clearly began losing interest in the group, and
their final studio album Eye Dance was widely regarded as uninspired
and disappointing. After celebrating Boney M.'s ten-year anniversary
in early 1986, the group officially disbanded after the release of
the commercially unsuccessful single 'Young, Free and Single'.
From this point, different versions of the group were formed. One
version began touring in the first half of 1987 with Marilyn Carrillo
taking Liz Mitchell's place. Mitchell returned for a second leg of
the tour late 1987, and Marcia Barrett soon left the band again.
At the same time, Bobby Farrell had set up a deal for a new Boney
M. album to be recorded without Farian in Belgium. When Farrell failed
to show up for either recording or tour, and Maizie Williams had
never sung on record, the album ended up being released as Liz Mitchell's
first solo album No One Will Force You. Mitchell and Williams completed
a tour during 1987-88, adding singer Celena Duncan and Curt De Daran
as replacements for Barrett and Farrell. Carol Grey later replaced
Celena Duncan.
In October 1988, the classic Boney M. line-up reunited for the album
Greatest Hits of All Times - Remix '88 but tensions ran high between
the members, and Liz Mitchell left in the spring of 1989 to be replaced
by Madeleine Davis. While Mitchell promoted her solo album, the group
recorded the single "Everybody Wants to Dance Like Josephine
Baker", without Farian's knowledge or approval. Threatened with
legal action by the producer over the use of the Boney M. name, the
single was subsequently withdrawn and Farian issued "Stories" with
his own new Boney M. line-up featuring Liz Mitchell, Reggie Tsiboe
and two new members, Sharon Stevens and Patty Onoyewenjo. A second
remix album Greatest Hits of All Times - Remix '89 - Volume II was
released but fared poorly.
[edit] The 1990s
1992 saw a renewed interest in Boney M.'s music with the "Boney
M. Megamix" single returning the group to the UK Top 10 for
the first time since 1980, and a subsequent Greatest Hits album reaching
the UK Top 20 in 1993. While Marcia Barrett, now residing in Florida,
was battling cancer and unable to perform, Boney M. toured the world
with a line-up of Liz Mitchell, Carol Grey, Patricia Lorna Foster
and Curt Dee Daran (replaced by Tony Ashcroft in 1994). Maizie Williams
assembled her own Boney M. line-up with her friend and short-time
Boney M. member in the early days in 1975, Sheila Bonnick, and two
others. Bobby Farrell also toured with three ever-changing female
performers.
[edit] 2000s
Boney M. featuring Maizie Williams performing at a concert
Liz Mitchell was touring the world with her line-up of Boney M.,
which is the only line-up officially supported by Farian (the court
ruling of 1990 stated that all four members are entitled to perform
their own Boney M. shows). Bobby Farrell and Liz Mitchell have released
solo albums containing their own re-recordings of Boney M.'s classic
hits. Maizie Williams released her first solo album in 2006 and her
own single version of Boney M.'s "Sunny". In 2007 her rendition
of 'Daddy Cool' with Melo-M hit the number one spot in the Latvian
(LMK) Charts. Marcia Barrett has released two solo albums with a
third scheduled for release in 2010.[4]
As recounted in his 2004 book Touching the Void, the British climber
Joe Simpson was subsequently to find the catchy tune of "Brown
Girl in the Ring" haunting him in the final hours of his struggle
to survive the descent of Siula Grande in the Andes, and the song
was later used in the film of Touching the Void made by Kevin Macdonald.
Simpson recalls: "I remember thinking, bloody hell, I'm going
to die to Boney M".
A musical based on the music of Boney M., Daddy Cool, opened in
London in August 2006 to mixed reviews and sluggish ticket sales,
causing it to close again in February 2007. From April to July, 2007,
this show played in a mobile theatre in Berlin, which was specially
designed for this show.
In April 2007, pop singer Peter Wilson[disambiguation needed ],
who during the mid-90s scored a couple of Top 40 hits in his native
Australia, released a brand new song, co-written by Frank Farian
entitled "Doin' Fine". It is described as "paying
tribute to the sound of Boney M." and features the famous string
arrangement from their first number 1 hit, "Daddy Cool".
In a sign of their continued popularity in South Asia, a concert
by Boney M. (featuring Marcia Barrett) was a featured attraction
at the 37th International Film Festival of India (IFFI), which took
place on November 23, 2006 in Panaji, the state capital of Goa, India.
The group is also popular in the Vietnamese diaspora, and was featured
in Thuy Nga music productions.
In the UK, a new album of their greatest hits, entitled The Magic
of Boney M. was released via BMG on November 27, 2006. Special additions
to this release were a Mousse T. remix of "Sunny" and a
brand new song from 2006, featuring Liz Mitchell, entitled "A
Moment Of Love".
On April 10, 2007, Boney M.'s first four albums were reissued on
compact disc with bonus tracks, this time also in the United States
(the first time these were available to the U.S. music market since
their original releases in the 1970s).
In September 2007, Boney M.'s last four original albums, Boonoonoonoos,
Ten Thousand Lightyears, Kalimba de Luna - 16 Happy Songs and Eye
Dance were reissued on compact disc in Europe and the United States,
all including bonus tracks. In November 2007, a new Christmas compilation
was scheduled for release as well as the DVD Fantastic Boney M. -
On Stage and on the Road featuring live performances and a film from
the band's 1981 visit to Jamaica.
Bobby Farrell's Boney M. performed a concert at the Amphi in Ra'anana,
Israel in May 2007. On June 28, 2007 Boney M. featuring Matthew Felsenfeld
and Liz Mitchell performed at the "Oktiabrsky" concert
hall in St. Petersburg, Russia. In September 2007, Maizie Williams
Boney M. line-up performed live at the Royal Albert Hall, UK, to
raise awareness of HIV/AIDS in Africa, performing her own renditions
of 'Brown Girl in the Ring' and 'Hooray! Hooray! It's a Holi-Holiday'.
The legal rights to the name "Boney M." have been a matter
of controversy, and even court cases, between the former members
of the band and producer Frank Farian ever since the late 1980s.
Farian, the man who in effect created the group, has continued to
work with Liz Mitchell and her line-up all through the 1990s and
2000s, but in a strange twist of fate further Boney M. productions
in Germany could be faced with legal proceedings. January 2007 was
the date Zanillya Farrell (daughter of Bobby Farrell) and Yasmina
Ayad-Saban (ex-wife of Farrell) renewed the trademark to the name
Boney M. in Germany for a 10 year period.
In November 2008, iconic disco legend and former label mate, Amanda
Lear recorded a version of the song, "Doin' Fine" as part
of her new studio album,[5] which she announced on French television
is scheduled for release in spring 2009.
In January 2009 Frank Farian released a brand new single called
Felicidad America (Obama Obama) under the name-check Boney M. feat.
Sherita O. & Yulee B. featuring two new vocalists. The song is
a remake of the 1980 Boney M. classic with new vocals and re-written
lyrics now referring to the new US president Barack Obama.
[edit] 2010s
In July 2010, Maizie Williams headlined a Boney M. performance at
Ramallah's Cultural Palace, in the West Bank, as part of the Palestine
International Festival. The band played "Daddy Cool", "Ma
Baker" and "Brown Girl in the Ring", but refrained
from playing "Rivers of Babylon", rumored to be at the
event organizers' request because of its description of the Jewish
yearning for Zion.[6][7][8]
On December 30, 2010, it was announced that Bobby Farrell had died
at the age of 61 from heart failure. His agent said Farrell was complaining
of breathing problems after performing with his band the evening
before.[9][10] Farrell lived in Amsterdam until his death. The singer
was found dead in a hotel room in Saint Petersburg, Russia, where
he had been performing.[11]
[edit] Members
Liz Mitchell, Lead and backing vocals (1976–)
Marcia Barrett, Lead and backing vocals (1975–)
Maizie Williams, Dancer, live vocals (1975–)
Bobby Farrell, Dancer, rap, live vocals (1975–81, 1984–2010)
Reggie Tsiboe, Lead and backing vocals (1982–86, 1989–90)
[edit] UK sales mark
In 1978, "Rivers of Babylon", a cover of a track by The
Melodians with lyrics partly based on Psalm 137 and partly on Psalm
19,[12] became (at the time) the second highest-selling single of
all time in the UK. After reaching no.1 for five weeks, "Rivers
of Babylon" began dropping down the chart, at which point the
B-side "Brown Girl in the Ring" was given extensive radio
airplay, and the single climbed back up the chart to #2. The single
spent 6 months in the UK Top 40, including 19 weeks in the Top 10.
It eventually sold 5000 copies short of two million.
The group achieved a second UK million-seller with their version
of the calypso classic "Mary's Boy Child/Oh My Lord", which
was previously a million-seller for Harry Belafonte. On the list
of the all-time best selling singles in the United Kingdom, Boney
M. appear in fifth place (with "Rivers of Babylon") and
tenth place (with "Mary's Boy Child/Oh My Lord"). The single
sold almost 1.8 million copies and achieved sales of over 1.6 million
in the 4 weeks the song was at number one in December 1978. Paul
McCartney is the only other artist to appear twice (once with The
Beatles, once with Wings) in the Top 10 of that list.
[edit] Back catalogue
Compared to other best-selling artists of the 1970s like ABBA, Donna
Summer, and the Bee Gees the Boney M. discography is quite unusual – while
the greater part of the band's back catalogue has been remixed, remade,
remodeled and reissued all through the 80s, 90s and 2000s by producer
Frank Farian and record company BMG-Ariola (now Sony BMG), most of
the original 7" and 12" versions issued on vinyl in the
70s and early 80s remained unavailable on CD until 2008 and the release
of the box set The Collection and the single CD compilation Rivers
Of Babylon (A Best Of Collection).
[edit] Popularity outside the West
During the 2002 presidential election campaign of South Korea, then-candidate
Roh Moo-hyun, who eventually won the presidency at that event, took
Bahama Mama to promote his aim of positive political reform.[13]
The 2005 Chinese film Shanghai Dreams features a scene depicting
a rural Chinese disco in 1983, with teenagers dancing to Rivers of
Babylon and Gotta Go Home[14]
In the 2008 Kazakh film Tulpan, the tractor driver Boni continually
plays a cassette of Rivers of Babylon, an example of his fascination
for all things Western.
In the 2008 Chinese film Cheung Gong 7 hou (English title: CJ7),
the song "Sunny" is a vital part of the soundtrack.
The song "Rasputin" appears in the 2010 video game Just
Dance 2 for the Nintendo Wii.
[edit] Discography
Main article: Boney M. discography
[edit] Studio album releases
Release date Title
1976 Take the Heat Off Me
1977 Love for Sale
1978 Nightflight to Venus
1979 Oceans of Fantasy
1981 Boonoonoonoos
1981 Christmas Album
1984 Ten Thousand Lightyears
1985 Eye Dance (Boney M. featuring Bobby Farrell)