Buju Banton (born Mark Anthony Myrie July 15, 1973) is a Jamaican
dancehall, ragga, and reggae musician. He has also recorded Pop
and Dance songs, as well as songs dealing with sociopolitical topics.
Banton has an international reputation for his anti-gay hit, "Boom
Bye Bye". He is currently serving a ten-year sentence in a
United States federal prison on drug conspiracy and firearms convictions,
with a scheduled release date of January 2019.
Buju Banton was born in Kingston, Jamaica in a poor neighborhood
called Salt Lane. Buju is a nickname given to chubby children that
means breadfruit and was given to him by his mother as a child. Banton
is a Jamaican word that refers to someone who is a respected storyteller,
and it was adopted by Myrie in tribute to the deejay Burro Banton,
whom Buju admired as a child.[2] It was Burro's rough gravelly vocals
that Buju emulated and ultimately made his own. Buju's mother was
a higgler, or street vendor, while his father worked as a labourer
at a tile factory. He was the youngest of fifteen children born into
a family that was directly descended from the Maroons of Jamaica.
[edit] Early career
As a youngster, Buju would often watch his favorite artists perform
at outdoor shows and local dancehalls in Denham Town. At the age
of 12, he picked up the [microphone] for himself and began toasting
under the moniker of Gargamel, working with the Sweet Love and Rambo
Mango sound systems.[2] In 1986, he was introduced to producer Robert
Ffrench by fellow deejay Clement Irie, and his first single, "The
Ruler" was released not long afterwards in 1987.[2] This led
to recording sessions with producers such as Patrick Roberts, Bunny
Lee, Winston Riley, and Digital B, and in 1988, aged 15, he first
recorded the controversial song "Boom Bye Bye," which contained
homophobic lyrics.[2] The song was written in response to a widely
reported man/boy rape case in Jamaica.
[edit] 1990s
In 1991, Buju joined Donovan Germain's Penthouse Records label and
began a fruitful partnership with producer Dave Kelly who later launched
his own Madhouse Records label.[2] Buju is one of the most popular
musicians in Jamaican history, having major chart success in 1992,
with "Bogle" and "Love me Browning", both massive
hits in Jamaica. Controversy erupted over "Love Me Browning" which
spoke of Banton's penchant for light-skinned women: "I love
my car I love my house I love my money and ting, but most of all
I love my browning." Some accused Banton of promoting a colonialist
mindset and denigrating the beauty of dark skinned black women. In
response, he released "Love Black Woman" which spoke of
his love for dark-skinned beauties: "Mi nuh Stop cry, fi all
black women, respect all the girls dem with dark complexion".[3]
1992 was an explosive year for Buju as he broke Bob Marley's record
for the greatest number of number one singles in a year. Beginning
with "Woman fi Sex", Buju's gruff voice dominated the Jamaican
airwaves for the duration of the year. Banton's debut album, Mr.
Mention, includes his greatest hits from that year. 1992 saw the
unsanctioned re-release of "Boom Bye Bye", which almost
destroyed his career.[2] The song was the subject of outrage in the
United States and Europe, leading to Banton being dropped from the
line-up of the WOMAD festival that year.[2] Banton subsequently issued
a public apology.[2]
Now on the major Mercury/PolyGram Records label, Banton released
the hard-hitting Voice of Jamaica in 1993. The album included a number
of conscious tracks. These tracks included "Deportees" a
song which criticized those Jamaicans who went abroad but never sent
money home, a remix of Little Roy's "Tribal War," a sharp
condemnation of political violence, and "Willy, Don't Be Silly" which
promoted safe sex and the use of contraceptives, particularly the
condom, profits from which were donated to a charity supporting children
with AIDS.[2] He was invited to meet Jamaican Prime Minister P. J.
Patterson, and won several awards that year at the Caribbean Music
Awards, the Canadian Music Awards, and the Topeka ceremony.[2]
Banton's lyrics often dealt with violence, which he explained as
reflecting the images that young Jamaicans were presented with by
the news media, but the reality of Kingston's violence was brought
home in 1993 by the murders in separate incidents of two of his friends
and fellow recording artists, the deejays Pan Head and Dirtsman.[2]
His response was the single "Murderer", which condemned
gun violence, going against the flow of the prevailing lyrical content
in dancehall. The song inspired several clubs to stop playing songs
with excessively violent subject matter. Late in 1994, Buju was also
affected by the death of his friend Garnett Silk. Buju's transformation
continued, embracing the Rastafari movement and growing dreadlocks.
He joined "conscious" deejay Tony Rebel, Papa San, and
General Degree in the Yardcore Collective. His performances and musical
releases took on a more spiritual tone. Banton toured Europe and
Japan, playing sold out shows, and performed before 20,000 in Trinidad
and Tobago.[2]
'Til Shiloh (1995) was a very influential album, using a studio
band instead of synthesized music, and marking a slight shift away
from dancehall towards roots reggae for Banton. Buju claimed to have
sighted Rastafari and his new album reflected these beliefs. 'Til
Shiloh successfully blended conscious lyrics with a hard-hitting
dancehall vibe. The album included earlier singles such as "Murderer",
and "Untold Stories". "Untold Stories" revealed
an entirely different Buju Banton from the one that had stormed to
dancehall stardom. It is regarded by many as some of his best work,
and is a staple in the Banton performance repertoire. Reminiscent
in mood and delivery to "Redemption Song" by Bob Marley, "Untold
Stories" won Buju Banton many favorable comparisons to the late
singer. This album had a large impact on dancehall music and proved
that dancehall audiences had not forgotten the message that Roots
Reggae expounded with the use of "conscious" lyrics".
Dancehall music did not move away from slack and violent lyrics,
but the album did pave the way for a greater spirituality within
the music. In the wake of Buju's transformation to Rastafari, many
artists, such as Capleton, converted to the faith and started to
denounce violence.
In 1996, Buju contributed "Wanna Be Loved (Desea ser Amado)" along
with Los Pericos to the Red Hot Organization's album Silencio=Muerte:
Red Hot + Latin for the Red Hot Benefit Series. This series raises
money to increase AIDS awareness.
Inna Heights (1997) substantially increased Banton's international
audience as Buju explored his singing ability and recorded a number
of roots-tinged tracks, including the hugely popular "Destiny" and "Hills
and Valleys". The album also included collaborations with artists
such as Beres Hammond and the legendary Toots Hibbert. The album
was well-received but had distribution problems. Also, some fans
were disappointed, having hoped for another ground-breaking album
like 'Til Shiloh. Still, Buju's experimentation and soaring vocals
impressed many fans and this album remains a highly regarded work.
In 1998, Buju met the punk band Rancid and recorded three tracks
with them: "Misty Days", "Hooligans" and "Life
Won't Wait". The latter became the title track of Rancid's 1998
album, Life Won't Wait.
[edit] 2000s
This biographical section of an article needs additional citations for verification.
Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons
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if potentially libelous or harmful. (March 2009)
Buju Banton performing in 2007.
Buju signed with Anti- Records, a subsidiary of Brett Gurewitz's
Epitaph records, and released Unchained Spirit in 2000.[4] The album
showcased diverse musical styles, and featured guest appearances
by Luciano, Morgan Heritage, Stephen Marley, and Rancid. It carried
little of the roots feel heard on 'Til Shiloh and virtually none
of the hardcore dancehall sound which had brought him to public acclaim
early in his career. It was a departure which left many fans uncomfortable.
Several singles followed in the start of the new decade, which were
perceived as more mellow and introspective, as opposed to the dancehall
approach of his early career. In March 2003, Banton released Friends
for Life, which featured more sharply political songs, including "Mr.
Nine", an anti-gun hit.[5] The album focused on political messages
regarding the African diaspora, featuring excerpts from a speech
made by Marcus Garvey. "Paid Not Played", also featured
on the album, displayed a gradual return to the themes more popular
in dancehall. The album also featured some hip hop influence with
the inclusion of rapper Fat Joe.
2006 saw the release of the Too Bad, an album more dancehall-orientated
in style. One of the slower tracks from the album, "Driver A",
went on to become a major hit, while at the same time reviving Sly & Robbie's "Taxi" riddim.
He performed at the Cricket World Cup 2007 Opening Ceremony with
Third World and Beres Hammond.
The album Rasta Got Soul was released on April 21, 2009, a date
which marked the 43rd anniversary of Emperor Haile Selassie's visit
to Jamaica in 1966. Produced by Banton, with contributions from longtime
collaborators Donovan Germain, Stephen Marsden and Wyclef Jean, Rasta
Got Soul was recorded over a seven year period before its release.
It went on to become his fourth Grammy nomination for Best Reggae
Album in 2010.
On February 13, 2011, one day before the scheduled start of his
second court trial in Tampa, Florida, Buju Banton's Before The Dawn
album was announced as the winner of Best Reggae Album at the 53rd
annual Grammy Awards.[6]
[edit] Controversies
[edit] Anti-gay stance
Banton has attracted criticism over his anti-gay lyrics. His monster
hit "Boom Bye Bye", released in 1988 (and re-recorded in
1992), contains lyrics inciting the murder of gay men (with "boom
bye bye" being onomatopoeia for the sounds of gunshot). In 2009
gay rights group appealed to venues around the country not to host
Buju Banton.[7] Banton attributed his anti-homosexual point of views
to the immaturity of his youth, he was 15 years old when the song
was first recorded.
In 2007 Banton was allegedly among a number of reggae artists who
signed a pledge, the Reggae Compassionate Act, created by the Stop
Murder Music campaign, to refrain from performing homophobic songs
or making homophobic statements,[8] but he later denied that he had
made any such commitment.[9]
[edit] Federal drug charges
Mug shot of Banton taken after his arrest.
In December 2009 Drug Enforcement Administration agents remanded
Banton to custody in Miami, where the U.S. Attorney charged him with
conspiracy to distribute and possession of more than five kilograms
of cocaine.[10] A six-day trial in Tampa, Florida was declared a
mistrial on September 27, 2010, after the jury was unable to reach
a unanimous decision.[11] During the trial, audio recordings were
presented of Banton and a drug-dealer-turned-government-informant
discussing drugs, drug prices and smuggling. Banton was also seen
on a video recording meeting the informant in a police-controlled
warehouse tasting cocaine from a kilogram bag.[11] The informant
was reportedly paid $50,000 for his work on the case.[11] The singer
was released that November on bond,[12] and a new trial was scheduled
for February 2011 after prosecutors won reindictment.
He was allowed to perform one concert between trials, which was
held on January 16, 2011 to a sold-out crowd in Miami.[13]
On February 22, 2011, Banton was found guilty of conspiracy to possess
with intent to distribute five or more kilograms of cocaine, possession
of a firearm in furtherance of a drug-trafficking offense and using
communication wires to facilitate a drug-trafficking offense. He
was found not guilty on the charge of attempted possession of five
kilograms or more of cocaine.[14] Four months later, he was sentenced
to ten years and one month in a federal prison for the cocaine trafficking
conviction.[15] He is scheduled to be released in January 2019.[16]
[edit] Discography
Main article: Buju Banton discography
1992: Stamina Daddy (later repackaged as Quick)
1992: Mr. Mention
1993: Voice of Jamaica
1995: 'Til Shiloh
1997: Inna Heights
2000: Unchained Spirit
2003: Friends for Life
2006: Too Bad
2009: Rasta Got Soul
2010: Before The Dawn