Keith Edward Elam (July 17, 1961[1] – April 19, 2010),[2][3]
better known by his stage name Guru, was an American emcee and member
of the hip-hop duo Gang Starr, along with DJ Premier. He was born in
Roxbury, Massachusetts.[4] The name Guru is a backronym that stands
for Gifted Unlimited Rhymes Universal and the less-often used God is
Universal; he is the Ruler Universal, which are both references to
the teachings of the Nation of Gods and Earths. He was also known for
lending his voice for 8-Ball in Grand Theft Auto III and Grand Theft
Auto: Liberty City Stories.
Keith Elam was born in the Roxbury neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts.
His father, Harry, was a judge and his mother, Barbara, was the co-director
of libraries in the Boston public school system. He attended Noble
and Greenough in Dedham, Massachusetts for high school.[5] Elam graduated
with a degree in business administration from Morehouse College in
Atlanta[6] and took graduate classes at the Fashion Institute of
Technology in Manhattan. He later dropped out to pursue a hip hop
career. Elam worked briefly in social services.[5]
[edit] Musical career
Keith Elam began his rap career under the pseudonym MC Keithy E
but later changed name to Guru.[5] He founded Gang Starr in 1987.
The group initially released three records, produced by DJ Mark the
45 King, on the Wild Pitch Records record label, but these records
received little attention.[6][7] After a change in line-up, the group
consisted of rapper Elam and beat maker DJ Premier. Gang Starr released
its first LP No More Mr. Nice Guy on Wild Pitch Records; the group
achieved a sizable following and released six critically acclaimed
and influential albums from 1989 to 2003.[5] Two albums, Moment of
Truth (1998) and compilation Full Clip: A Decade of Gang Starr (1999)
were certified gold in the United States by the RIAA.[5] Gang Starr
made archetypal East Coast hip hop with Guru's rhyming described
as sharp-eyed but anti-ostentatious.[5][6]
In 1993, Elam released the first in a series of four solo albums
while still a member of Gang Starr. Jazzmatazz, Vol. 1 featured collaborations
with Donald Byrd, N'Dea Davenport, MC Solaar, and Roy Ayers and received
positive reviews.[8] His second solo LP, Jazzmatazz, Vol. 2: The
New Reality, featured Chaka Khan, Ramsey Lewis, Branford Marsalis,
and Jamiroquai. The third installment was released in 2000, but it
received less positive reviews.[9]
In 1994, Guru appeared on the Red Hot Organization's compilation
album Stolen Moments: Red Hot + Cool. The album, meant to raise awareness
and funds in support of the AIDS epidemic in relation to the African
American community, was heralded as the album of the year by Time
Magazine.
In reference to the above mentioned Jazzmatazz project, Elam told
Pete Lewis of Blues & Soul: "Back around ’93—when
I first came up with the Jazzmatazz concept—I was noticing
how a lot of cats were digging in the crates and sampling jazz breaks
to make hip hop records. But while I thought that was cool, I wanted
to take it to the next level and actually create a new genre by getting
the actual dudes we were sampling into the studio to jam over hip
hop beats with some of the top voclaists of the time. You know, the
whole thing was experimental, but I knew it was an idea that would
spawn some historic music."[10]
Elam's first solo album not a part the Jazzmatazz series, Baldhead
Slick & da Click, was released in 2001 to poor reviews.[11] The
album reached #22 on the Billboard R&B/Hip Hop album charts.
The seventh chapter in the book of Guru, Version 7.0: The Street
Scriptures, was released in 2005 on Elam's own record label, 7 Grand
Records. The album was produced entirely by labelmate Solar. It reached
#54 on the Billboard R&B albums charts and received mixed reviews.[12]
Elam's final releases were the fourth installment in the Jazzmatazz
series, released in June 2007; and Guru 8.0: Lost And Found, released
May 19, 2009 (also in collaboration with Solar). A Gang Starr reunion
album was planned but will never be released because of Guru's death.[13]
In the "The Harder They Fall" episode of The Fresh Prince
of Bel-Air, Will Smith mentions Guru and groups such as A Tribe Called
Quest.
[edit] Death
On February 28, 2010, Guru went into cardiac arrest and, following
surgery, fell into a coma.[14][15] It was claimed that Guru had briefly
awakened from his coma[16] but died on April 19, 2010, at the age
of 48, from cancer.[17] Keith Elam (Guru) was survived by his parents,
three siblings, and a son named Keith Casim.[5]
Solar claimed that Guru had awakened from his coma,[18] although
DJ Premier and members of the emcee's family stated that he never
regained consciousness.[19] Guru's family claimed that Solar prevented
them from contact with Guru during the latter's final illness.[20]
The validity of the death-bed letter was challenged by Guru's family.[21]
In an interview on Conspiracy Worldwide Radio, Solar claimed that
everything he had said was true and all he ever did was protect Guru.
This interview was met by extreme emotion from the hip hop community
and did little to clear the controversy surrounding his actions[22]
DJ Premier produced a tribute mix to Guru[23] and has released a
public letter[24] along with Guru's sister Patricia Elam.[25] Harry
J. Elam, Guru's older brother, wrote a personal memoir in remembrance
published in The Boston Globe on April 23, 2010.[26] The Elam family
had a Guru Tribute Web Site set up where visitors were able to view
tributes and sign a memorial page.[27] Guru's nephew Justin Nicholas-Elam
Ruff made a 16-minute documentary in which he narrated the story
of his late uncle. The video can be seen at DJPremierBlog.com, gurutributes.com,
and http://thexlabel.wordpress.com/[28]
He was not mentioned in the annual retrospective of musicians who
died at the 2011 Grammy Awards.
[edit] Discography
Gang Starr albums are listed in the group's main article.
[edit] Albums
Album information
Guru's Jazzmatazz, Vol. 1
* Released: May 18, 1993
* Billboard 200 chart position: #94
* UK chart position: #58
* R&B/Hip-Hop chart position: #15
* Singles: "Trust Me", "Loungin'", "No Time To Play" & "Le
Bien, Le Mal"
Guru Presents Ill Kid Records
* Released: 1995
* Billboard 200 chart position: -
* R&B/Hip-Hop chart position: -
* Singles: -
Guru's Jazzmatazz, Vol. 2: The New Reality
* Released: July 18, 1995
* Billboard 200 chart position: #71
* UK chart position: #12
* R&B/Hip-Hop chart position: #16
* Singles: "Watch What You Say" & "Livin' In This World"
Guru's Jazzmatazz, Vol. 3: Streetsoul
* Released: September 26, 2000
* Billboard 200 chart position: #32
* UK chart position: #74
* R&B/Hip-Hop chart position: #8
* UK chart position: #74
* Singles: "Keep Your Worries", "Lift Your Fist", "Certified" & "Supa
Love"
Baldhead Slick & da Click
* Released: September 25, 2001
* Billboard 200 chart position: #122
* R&B/Hip-Hop chart position: #22
* Singles: "Where's Our Money?!/In Here" & "Cry/Pimp Shit"
Version 7.0: The Street Scriptures
* Released: May 10, 2005
* Billboard 200 chart position: -
* R&B/Hip-Hop chart position: #54
* Singles: "Cave In", "Step In The Arena 2" & "Hood
Dreamin"
Guru's Jazzmatazz, Vol. 4: The Hip Hop Jazz Messenger: Back to the
Future
* Released: June 5, 2007
* Billboard 200 chart position: N/A
* R&B/Hip-Hop chart position: #45
* Singles: "State Of Clarity"
The Timebomb: Back To The Future Mixtape
* Released: July 31, 2007
* Billboard 200 chart position: -
* R&B/Hip-Hop chart position: -
* Singles: -
The Best of Guru's Jazzmatazz
* Released: February 12, 2008
* Billboard 200 chart position: -
* R&B/Hip-Hop chart position: -
* Singles: -
Guru 8.0: Lost and Found
* Released: May 19, 2009
* Billboard 200 chart position: -
* R&B/Hip-Hop chart position: -
* Singles: "Divine Rule", "Fastlane", "Ride", "After
Time & "No Gimmick Sh*t"
[edit] Guest appearances
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
* 1990: "Jazz Thing" (from the soundtrack of Mo' Better
Blues)
* 1991: "Qui Semé Le Vent Recolte Le Tempo (Gang Starr Remix)" (from
an MC Solaar 12" single)
* 1992: "It's Getting Hectic" (from the Brand New Heavies album Heavy
Rhyme Experience, Vol. 1)
* 1992: "Sassy" (from the Neneh Cherry album "Homebrew")
* 1993: "Patti Dooke" (from De La Soul album Buhloone Mindstate)
* 1993: "Season For Change" (from the Ronny Jordan album The Quiet
Revolution)
* 1993: "Listen (Guru Remix)" (from a Urban Species 12" single)
* 1993: "Stop Lookin' at Me" (In collaboration with The Cutthroats
from the soundtrack of Menace II Society)
* 1994: "Borough Check" (from the Digable Planets album Blowout Comb)
* 1994: "I've Lost My Ignorance" (from the Dream Warriors album Subliminal
Simulation)
* 1994: "Black Monday" (from the Buckshot LeFonque single "Another
Day")
* 1995: "B-Boy Mastermind" (from the DJ Krush album Krush) – This
appears on the Japanese import only.
* 1995: "Serious Rap Shit" (from the Group Home album Livin' Proof)
* 1996: "Fed Up (Remix)" (from House of Pain album Truth Crushed
to Earth Shall Rise Again)
* 1996: "Listen Here" (from The New Groove: The Blue Note Remix Project)
* 1999: "NY Niggaz" (from the Sway & King Tech album This or
That)
* 1999: "The Legacy" (from the Group Home album "A Tear For
The Ghetto")
* 1999: "Bare Witness" (from the Choclair album Ice Cold)
* 1999: "Whatever Happened to Gus" (Word to the Drums mix) (from
the Medeski Martin & Wood album Combustication Remix EP)
* 2001: "Worst Comes to Worst" (from the Dilated Peoples album Expansion
Team)
* 2002: "Karma" (from the Adam F 12" single also featuring Carl
Thomas)
* 2003: "Condor (Espionage)" (from the DJ Cam album Soulshine)
* 2003: "Knowledge of Self" (from the BT album Emotional Technology)
* 2004: "The Best" (from the Chief Kamachi album Cult Status)
* 2004: "??t? t? ??? (This Life)" (from the Goin' Through album La
Sagrada Familia)
* 2005: "Party Hard" (from the The Perceptionists album Black Dialogue
feat. Camu Tao & Prod. Camu Tao)
* 2005: 5 songs from the Big Shug album Never Say Die
* 2006: "Junk" (from the Ferry Corsten album L.E.F.)
* 2007: "Major Game" (from the Domingo album The Most Underrated)
* 2007: "The Otherside" (from the Slightly Stoopid album "Chronchitis")
* 2008: "Watucamehere 4" (from the Downsyde album All City)
[edit] Filmography
* Grand Theft Auto III (2001) as 8-Ball[29]
* Grand Theft Auto: Liberty City Stories (2005) as 8-Ball
* The Substitute 2: School's Out (1998) as Little B.
* Train Ride (2000) as Jay
* 3 A.M. (2001) as Hook-Off
* Urban Massacre (2002) as Cereal Killah
* Kung Faux (2003) as Voice Over/Various
* Who's the Man? (1993) as Martin Lorenzo