N.W.A (short for Niggaz Wit Attitudes or Niggaz
With Attitude) was an American hip hop group from South Central
Los Angeles, California, widely considered one of the seminal acts
of the gangsta rap sub-genre.
The original lineup consisted of Eazy-E, Dr. Dre, DJ Yella, Arabian
Prince, Ice Cube, and MC Ren. Arabian Prince embarked on a solo career
in 1989 and Ice Cube left in 1990 over royalty disputes.
Active from 1986 to 1991, the group endured controversy due to the
explicit nature of their lyrics. They were subsequently banned from
many mainstream US radio stations and even at times prevented from
touring. In spite of this, the group has sold over 9 million units
in the US alone.
Their debut album Straight Outta Compton marked the beginning of
the new gangsta rap era as the production and the social commentary
in their lyrics were revolutionary within the genre.[3] Rolling Stone
ranked N.W.A 83rd on their list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All
Time. [5]
Although largely unknown at the group's inception, members Dr. Dre,
Eazy-E, Ice Cube, and MC Ren would all become platinum-selling stars
as solo artists.
The group was assembled by Compton-based former drug dealer Eazy-E,
who co-founded Ruthless Records with Jerry Heller.[3][6]
Initially, it consisted of Eazy-E and Dr. Dre, who in turn brought
DJ Yella on board.[7] The two were formerly members of the World
Class Wreckin' Cru, as DJs and producers. Ice Cube was added to the
roster after he had started out as a rapper for the group "C.I.A."[8]
Ruthless released "Panic Zone" in 1987 with Macola Records,
which was later included on the compilation N.W.A. and the Posse.
N.W.A was still in its developing stages, and only credited on four
of the eleven tracks, notably the uncharacteristic electro hop record "Panic
Zone," "8-Ball," and "Dopeman," which marked
the first collaboration of Arabian Prince, DJ Yella, Dr. Dre and
Ice Cube. Hispanic rapper Krazy-Dee co-wrote "Panic Zone," which
was originally called "Hispanic Zone," but the title was
later changed when Dr. Dre advised Krazy-Dee that the word "hispanic" would
hinder sales.[9] Also included was Eazy's solo track "Boyz-n-the
Hood."[10] In 1988, rapper MC Ren joined the group.[3]
[edit] Straight Outta Compton (1988–1989)
N.W.A released Straight Outta Compton in 1988. With its famous opening
salvo of three tracks, the group reflected the rising anger of the
urban youth. The opening song "Straight Outta Compton" introduced
the group; "Fuck tha Police" protested police brutality
and racial profiling, and "Gangsta Gangsta" painted the
worldview of the inner-city youth. While the group was later credited
with pioneering the burgeoning sub genre of gangsta rap, N.W.A referred
to their music as "reality rap."[11]
Dr. Dre and DJ Yella, as HighPowered Productions, composed the beats
for each song, with Dre making occasional rapping appearances.[12]
Ice Cube and MC Ren wrote most of the group's lyrics, including "Fuck
tha Police," perhaps the group's most notorious song, which
brought them into conflict with various law enforcement agencies.
Under pressure from Focus on the Family,[13] Milt Ahlerich, an assistant
director of the FBI, sent a letter to Ruthless and its distributing
company Priority Records, advising the rappers that "advocating
violence and assault is wrong and we in the law enforcement community
take exception to such action." This letter can still be seen
at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland, Ohio.[14] Policemen
refused to provide security for the group's concerts, hurting their
plans to tour. Nonetheless, the FBI's letter only served to draw
more publicity to the group.
Straight Outta Compton was also one of the first albums to adhere
to the new Parental Advisory label scheme, then still in its early
stages: the label at the time consisted of "WARNING: Moderate
impact coarse language and/or themes" only. However, the taboo
nature of N.W.A's music was the most important factor of its mass
appeal. Media coverage compensated for N.W.A's lack of airplay and
their album eventually went double platinum.[15]
One month after Straight Outta Compton, Eazy-E's solo debut Eazy-Duz-It
was released. The album was dominated by Eazy's persona—MC
Ren, appearing on two songs, was the only guest rapper—but
behind the scenes it was a group effort. Music was handled by Dr.
Dre and DJ Yella; the lyrics were largely written by MC Ren, with
contributions from Ice Cube and The D.O.C. The album was another
platinum success for Ruthless (in addition to girl group J.J. Fad
in 1988 and singer Michel'le in 1989), also going double.[16]
1989 saw the re-issue of N.W.A. and the Posse (which was released
on CD for the first time) and Straight Outta Compton on CD, and the
release of The D.O.C.'s No One Can Do It Better. His album was essentially
a collaboration with Dr. Dre and notably free of "gangsta rap" content,
however including the N.W.A posse cut "The Grand Finalé." It
would become another #1 album for the record label.
[edit] Post-Ice Cube (1990–1991)
Ice Cube left in January 1990 over royalty disputes;[3] having written
almost half of the lyrics on Straight Outta Compton himself, he felt
he was not getting a fair share of the money and profits.[17] He
wasted little time putting together his solo debut, 1990's AmeriKKKa's
Most Wanted, but he avoided mentioning his former label mates.
N.W.A's title track from their EP 100 Miles And Runnin', however,
included a diss of Ice Cube:
"We started with five, but yo / One couldn't take it—So
now it's four / Cuz the fifth couldn't make it."
The video for the song depicted the remaining members of N.W.A.
together in a jail cell, while an Ice Cube look-alike is released.
Also heard on the EP (which found its way on the Efil4zaggin CD re-issue)
was "Real Niggaz," a full-blown diss on Ice Cube where
the remaining members accuse him of cowardice, and question his authenticity,
longevity and originality: "How the fuck you think a rapper
lasts / With your ass sayin' shit that was said in the past / Yo,
be original, your shit is sloppy / Get off the dick, you motherfuckin'
carbon-copy," and "We started out with too much cargo /
So I'm glad we got rid of Benedict Arnold, yo."
The song "100 Miles and Runnin'" was Dr. Dre's final uptempo
recording, which had been a common feature of late-'80s hip hop.
After this, he focused on a midtempo, synthesizer based sound which
would become known as G-funk, starting with "Alwayz Into Somethin'" from
Efil4zaggin in 1991. The G-funk style dominated both the West and
East Coast hip hop music scene for several years.
N.W.A is referenced on Ice Cube's 1990 EP, Kill at Will, where he
name-checks his former group (likely in a mocking manner) on the
song "Jackin' For Beats." On "I Gotta Say What Up!!!," Ice
Cube gives shout-outs to his rap peers at the time, among them Public
Enemy, the Geto Boys, and Sir Jinx. At the end of the track, in what
appears to be an on-the-phone interview, Ice Cube is asked, "Since
you went solo, whatever happened to the rest of your crew?" and
the phone is abruptly hung up on the interviewer.
The group's second full-length release, 1991's Efil4zaggin ("Niggaz4Life" spelled
backwards), re-established the band in the face of Ice Cube's continued
solo success. The album is considered by many Dr. Dre's finest production
work, and it heralded the beginning of the G-Funk era. It also showed
a clear animosity towards their former member, and derogatory references
to Ice Cube are found in several songs. The interlude "A Message
to B.A." echoes the beginning of his song "Turn Off the
Radio" from AmeriKKKa's Most Wanted: in it, Ice Cube is first
addressed by the name Benedict Arnold (after the infamous traitor
of the American Revolution) but then named outright in a torrent
of abuse from both the group and its fans: When we see yo' ass, we
gon' cut yo' hair off and fuck you with a broomstick. Think about
it, punk muthafucka," spoken by MC Ren.
The N.W.A–Ice Cube feud eventually escalated, both on record
and in real life. AmeriKKKa's Most Wanted had avoided direct attacks
on N.W.A, but on Death Certificate, Ice Cube's second full-length
release, he retaliated. He sampled and mocked the "Message to
B.A." skit before embarking on a full-blown tirade, the infamous "No
Vaseline."
In a series of verses, Ice Cube verbally assaulted the group: You
lookin' like straight bozos / I saw it comin' that's why I went solo
/ You got jealous when I got my own company / But I'm a man, and
ain't nobody humpin' me. He also responded to 100 Miles and Runnin',
claiming I started off with too much cargo, dropped four niggaz /
And now I'm makin' all the dough, and members MC Ren, Dr. Dre, and
Eazy-E individually, using homophobic metaphors to describe their
unequal business relationship with Jerry Heller, who became the target
of harsh insults: Get rid of that devil real simple / Put a bullet
to his temple / Cuz you can't be the 'Niggaz 4 Life' crew / With
a white Jew tellin' you what to do. The song attracted controversy
for its antisemitism (the beginning of such accusations against Ice
Cube during his affiliation with the Nation of Islam), based on the
bashing of Heller's religion;[18] the track was omitted from the
UK release, and later pressings included a censored version of the
song.
In September 1990, members of hip hop act Above the Law clashed
with Ice Cube and his posse Da Lench Mob during the annual New Music
Seminar conference, forcing the latter to flee the premises of Times
Square's Marriott Marquis, the venue of the event.[19]
On January 27, 1991, Dr. Dre assaulted Dee Barnes, host of the hip
hop show Pump It Up, after its coverage[20] of the N.W.A/Ice Cube
beef.
According to Rolling Stone reporter Alan Light:
“
He picked her up and "began slamming her face and the right
side of her body repeatedly against a wall near the stairway" as
his bodyguard held off the crowd. After Dre tried to throw her down
the stairs and failed, he began kicking her in the ribs and hands.
She escaped and ran into the women's rest room. Dre followed her
and "grabbed her from behind by the hair and proceeded to punch
her in the back of the head."[21] ”
In response, Dre commented: "People talk all this shit, but
you know, somebody fuck with me, I'm gonna fuck with them. I just
did it, you know. Ain't nothing you can do now by talking about it.
Besides, it ain't no big thing—I just threw her through a door."[21]
[edit] The end of N.W.A (1991–1998)
1991's Niggaz4Life would be the group's final album. After Dr. Dre,
The D.O.C. and Michel'le departed from Ruthless to join Death Row
Records, and allegations over Eazy-E being coerced into signing away
their contracts (while however retaining a portion of their publishing
rights), a bitter rivalry ensued.[3] Dr. Dre began the exchange with
Death Row's first release, 1992's Fuck Wit Dre Day (And Everybody's
Celebratin'), and its accompanying video featured a character named "Sleazy-E" who
ran around desperately trying to get money. The insults continued
on "The Chronic" with "Bitches Ain't Shit."
Eazy-E responded in 1993 with the EP It's On (Dr. Dre) 187um Killa
and the tracks "Real Muthaphuckkin G's" and "It's
On." Eazy-E accused Dr. Dre of being a homosexual, calling him
a "she thang," and the music video for "Real Muthaphuckkin
Gs" showed promotional still of Dre wearing make-up and a sequined
jumpsuit. The photos dated back to Dr. Dre's World Class Wreckin'
Cru days, when such fashion was common among West Coast electro hop
artists, prior to N.W.A's popularization of gangsta rap.
After Eazy-E's AIDS-related death on March 26, 1995, all bad blood
between the group ceased. Dr. Dre and Ice Cube would later express
their re-evaluated feelings to their old friend on 1999's "What's
The Difference" and "Chin Check," 2000's "Hello," and
2006's "Growin' Up."
[edit] Reunions and legacy (1999— )
Having both parted with Ruthless Records on bad terms, tensions
between Ice Cube and Dr. Dre eased on the other hand. Ice Cube made
a cameo appearance in Dr. Dre's "Let Me Ride" video in
1993. The two recorded the hit song "Natural Born Killaz" for
Snoop Doggy Dogg's 1994 short film and soundtrack Murder Was the
Case. MC Ren appeared on Dre's 1999 album The Chronic 2001, and the
three remaining N.W.A emcees would reunite for "Hello" on
Ice Cube's 2000 album War & Peace Vol. 2 (The Peace Disc), featuring
the hook "I started this gangsta shit / And this the motherfuckin'
thanks I get?".
The West Coast and "gangsta" music scene had however fallen
out of the spotlight since the death of Tupac Shakur in 1996, and
it was only after Dr. Dre's successful patronage of Eminem and Dre's
ensuing comeback album The Chronic 2001 that the genre and its artists
would regain the national spotlight. 2000's all-star Up In Smoke
Tour would reunite much of the N.W.A and Death Row families, and
during time spent on the road, Dre, Eminem, 50 Cent, Ice Cube, MC
Ren, and honorary member Snoop Dogg began recording in a mobile studio.
A comeback album entitled Not These Niggaz Again was planned[22]
(and would include DJ Yella, who had not been present on the tour).
However, due to busy and conflicting schedules as well as the obstacles
of coordinating three different record labels (Priority, No Limit
and Interscope), obtaining the rights to the name N.W.A and endorsing
the whole project to gain exclusive rights, the album never materialized.[23]
Only two tracks from these sessions would be released: "Chin
Check" (with Snoop Dogg as a member of N.W.A) from 1999's Next
Friday soundtrack and Hello from Ice Cube's 2000 album War & Peace
Vol. 2 (The Peace Disc). Both songs would appear on N.W.A's remastered
and re-released Greatest Hits.
There would also be partial reunions on "Set It Off," from
Snoop Dogg's Tha Last Meal (2000), which featured MC Ren and Ice
Cube as well as former Death Row "inmates," and The D.O.C.'s "The
Shit," from his 2003 album Deuce, which featured MC Ren, Ice
Cube, Snoop Dogg and Six-Two. Dr. Dre and DJ Yella were present in
the studio for the latter song.
In addition to the Greatest Hits initially released by Priority
in 1996, Capitol and Ruthless Records jointly released The N.W.A
Legacy, Vol. 1: 1988-1998 in 1998, an album that contained only three
songs from the actual group but various solo tracks from the five
members. The success of the album prompted a second volume, The N.W.A
Legacy, Vol. 2, two years later. It emulated the format of its predecessor,
containing only three genuine N.W.A tracks and many solo efforts
by the crew members. In 2007, a new greatest hits package was released,
entitled The Best of N.W.A: The Strength of Street Knowledge.
[edit] Future biopic
New Line Cinema representatives announced to Entertainment Weekly's "Hollywood
Insider Blog" that N.W.A's story is in development to become
a feature film in 2012. According to the Internet Movie Database,
the script was researched and written by filmmaker S. Leigh Savidge
and radio veteran Alan Wenkus, who worked closely with Eazy E's widow
Tomica Wright. Wright, Ice Cube, and Dr. Dre will act as producers
of the film. As of October 2010, a director has not yet been chosen;
however, the producers are reportedly seeking someone on par with
8 Mile director Curtis Hanson. The cast has yet to be disclosed.
To date, MC Ren and DJ Yella have not commented on whether or not
they will be involved in the production.
Casting calls began in the summer of 2010. There have been rumors
of Lil Eazy-E playing his father Eazy-E, and Ice Cube's son and fellow
rapper O'Shea Jackson II (a.k.a. Shea) playing his father as well.
[edit] Discography
Main article: N.W.A discography
Studio albums
* Straight Outta Compton (1988)
* Niggaz4life (1991)
[edit] Members
* Eazy-E - Rapper, manager (1986-1991)
* Ice Cube - MC (1986-1988)
* MC Ren - MC (1986-1991)
* Dr. Dre - Rapper, record producer (1986-1991)
* DJ Yella - Record producer (1986-1991)
* Arabian Prince - MC (1986-1988)