James Ambrose Johnson, Jr. (February 1, 1948 – August 6, 2004),
better known by his stage name Rick James, was an American singer,
songwriter, musician and record producer. James was a popular performer
in the late 1970s and 1980s, scoring four #1 hits on the U.S. R&B
charts performing in the genres of funk and R&B. Among his well
known songs are "Super Freak", "Mary Jane" and "You
and I".
In addition to his music, James gained notoriety for his wild lifestyle,
which led to widely publicized legal problems, and which was famously
spoofed by Chappelle's Show in 2004.
James was born in Buffalo, New York. His father, an autoworker,
abandoned him and his siblings when Rick was a child. His mother,
a former vaudeville dancer, later reportedly ran errands for a Mafia
family to make ends meet. James grew up singing on street corners
with fellow neighborhood boys. James' early idols included Marvin
Gaye, Smokey Robinson and The Temptations (particularly Melvin Franklin).
After briefly becoming involved in street activity, James dropped
out of high school at 15 to avoid a possible draft and joined the
U.S. Naval Reserve. A year later, James left the Reserve after he
began to miss weekend training, because it interfered with his music
career.[1]
[edit] Career
[edit] Early career
Fleeing north to Toronto in the summer of 1964, James, now using
the stage name Big Jimmy, continued his musical career. His first
band, formed with future Steppenwolf member Nick St. Nicholas was
initially called the Sailor Boys but soon changed their name to the
Mynah Birds. Bassist Bruce Palmer took over for St. Nicholas in early
1965, and the group soon released their first single, "Mynah
Bird Hop"/"Mynah Bird Song" for Columbia Records of
Canada.
James and Palmer soon formed a new Mynah Birds lineup with guitarists
Tom Morgan and Xavier Taylor, and drummer Rick Mason. In early 1966,
the Mynah Birds auditioned for the Motown label in Detroit. Morgan
was unhappy with the label's attitude towards the musicians and left,
with Neil Young taking his place. With Young on board, the Mynah
Birds returned to Motown to record an album, but their manager pocketed
the advance money the label had given the band. The band fired their
manager, who in turn told the label that James was AWOL. Motown told
him to give himself up to the FBI, and the Mynah Birds' album was
shelved.
James spent a year in the Brooklyn Brig, after which he briefly
returned to Toronto. During the summer of 1967, Rick James formed
a new version of The Mynah Birds (sometimes spelled "Myna Byrds")
with Neil Merryweather. The band returned to Detroit and recorded
a new version of James and Neil Young's It's My Time, but the band
broke up soon afterwards. During early 1968, James returned to Motown
and became a songwriter and producer, writing under an assumed name
and working with Smokey Robinson and The Miracles, Canadian band
Bobby Taylor and the Vancouvers and The Spinners.
In late 1968, James and Greg Reeves moved to Los Angeles, California
and formed a band called Salt and Pepper (under the name Rick Matthews)
with drummer Steve Rumph from T.I.M.E and Michael Rummans from the
Yellow Payges. A later version consisted of Coffi Hall from Mama
Lion and Merryweather and guitarist Dave Burt and Keyboardist Ed
Roth from Merryweather.[2]
Former Buffalo Springfield roadie Chris Sarns played bass for a
while, before Ron Johnson from Kaleidoscope stepped in the following
year. The group recorded a demo for Atlantic Records, and played
at The Fillmore West with Jethro Tull.
In 1971, James and Roth both appeared on Buffalo Springfield bassist
Bruce Palmer's solo album, The Cycle is Complete. Then they returned
to Toronto, where they recorded two singles - Big Showdown and Don't
You Worry - as part of Heaven and Earth, a band that also featured
guitarist Stan Endersby, bass player Denny Gerrard, and drummer Pat
Little. Heaven and Earth, minus Little, then merged with another
local group, Milestone, to form Great White Cane with horn players
Bob Doughty and Ian Kojima, drummer Norman Wellbanks, guitarist Paul
C Saenz, and keyboard player John Cleveland Hughes. The group recorded
an album for Lion Records in Los Angeles in March 1972, but by that
summer, they had disbanded.
In 1973 A&M Records released the first Rick James single, "My
Mama", which is likely to have been recorded in Los Angeles.
In 1976, James and South African guitarist Aidan Mason co-wrote "Get
Up and Dance!," which was released as a single but failed to
chart.
In 1977, he returned to Motown as a songwriter/producer. He soon
began recording for Motown's Gordy label, first with the Hot Lips
and then with a new version of the Stone City Band.
[edit] Solo career
File:Murphy james.png
Rick with friend Eddie Murphy in '85
Rick's breakthrough was "You and I", an eight-minute single
from his 1978 debut album Come Get It!. The album also featured his
ode to marijuana, "Mary Jane".
In 1979 Rick James recorded his second LP Fire It Up, which included
the hits "Fire It Up", "Love Gun", and "Come
into My Life." For the Fire It Up tour, Rick James asked Prince
if he would open up for him. After weeks on tour, Rick James became
increasingly annoyed with Prince. According to Rick, Prince was stealing
all of his stage tactics to get the audience hyped. Rick James became
so fed up with Prince he canceled the rest of the tour.
In 1981 he recorded his biggest album Street Songs, which included
James's signature song "Super Freak". The song featured
guest vocals by The Temptations, and was sampled for MC Hammer's
1990 Grammy Award-winning song "U Can't Touch This", as
well as Jay-Z's "Kingdom Come", released in 2006. Other
hits from Street Songs included "Give It to Me Baby", "Fire
and Desire" with protégée Teena Marie, and "Ghetto
Life".
The stream of hits continued into the mid-1980s with "Teardrops", "Cold
Blooded", "Ebony Eyes", "Can't Stop", "You
Turn Me On", "P.I.M.P. the S.I.M.P." (with Grandmaster
Flash), and "Glow". During this time, in 1983, Rick James
struck gold with a girl group made up of his background singers,
the Mary Jane Girls. Rick wrote and produced all of their songs including
the hits, "All Night Long" and "In My House" in
1983. His last R&B hit was "Loosey's Rap" in 1989,
featuring a rap by Roxanne Shante. Rick James also takes writing
credit to his good friend Eddie Murphy's one hit "Party All
the Time."
While he is best known for his up tempo songs in pop circles, the
R&B world also remembers him as one of the premier soul balladeers
in the late seventies and early eighties. He recorded an early eighties
hit with Motown legend Smokey Robinson entitled "Ebony Eyes".
He then released the album Cold Blooded, which included the ballad "Tell
Me What You Want", a duet with Billy Dee Williams.
During this time, he guest-starred on an episode of The A-Team entitled "The
Heart of Rock N' Roll", in which he played himself and performed
at a prison concert singing "Super Freak". Isaac Hayes
also guest starred in this episode.
[edit] 1990s-2004
The start of the 1990s brought with it a string of bizarre and sometimes
horrific incidents for Rick James. He was a known drug user, mainly
addicted to crack cocaine, which he often smoked; he later admitted
to spending about US$7,000 a week on drugs for five years straight.
In 1991, a coked-up James assaulted music executive Mary Sauger,
at the St. James Club and Hotel in West Hollywood. Sauger claims
she met James and his future wife Tanya Hijazi for a business meeting,
but claims the two kidnapped and beat her over a 20-hour period.
File:Streetsongs.JPG
Street Songs remains Rick's biggest selling and most memorable Album
at 3x Platinum
In 1993, while out on bail for that earlier incident, he and Hijazi
were accused of holding 24-year old Frances Alley hostage for up
to 6 days (accounts vary on how long she was actually held), tying
her up, forcing her to perform sexual acts, and burning her legs
and abdomen with the hot end of a crack cocaine pipe during a week
long cocaine binge. He was found guilty of both offenses, but was
cleared of a torture charge in the crack-pipe incident that could
have put him in prison for the rest of his life. He served two years
in Folsom Prison, and lost US$2 million in a civil suit to one of
the women.
He was released in 1996, and during interviews for a segment of
the VH1 series Behind the Music, he spoke openly about his life and
his battle with drugs for the first time. The concert footage for
the 1996 Behind the Music segment was shot just months after James'
release and the show itself, produced by Timothy Olague Entertainment
at a new Casino in the desert of Southern California, featured James
performing each of his hits before a sold-out audience of 10,000
fans.
James attempted a comeback with a new album and tour in 1997, but
suffered a mild stroke during a concert in Denver, Colorado, effectively
ending his musical career. In 1998 he recorded the song "Love
Gravy" on the South Park soundtrack along with Ike Turner. In
1999 he appeared on Judge Joe Brown as a plaintiff suing Jerome Turner
(J.T.) for a guitar and amp. His last song recording was a re-collaboration
with his protégée Teena Marie with the song "I
Got You" on her 2004 album La Doña, which was her first
studio release after a 10-year hiatus in her music career.
In 2003, James was a part of a skit on Chappelle's Show called "Charlie
Murphy's True Hollywood Stories". He, along with Charlie Murphy
(brother of Eddie Murphy) recounted humorous stories of their experiences
together during the early 1980s. During the skit, Rick James' character,
played by Dave Chappelle, utters the now famous catchphrase "I'm
Rick James, Bitch!" The skits were punctuated by James, as himself,
explaining his past behavior with the phrase "Cocaine is a hell
of a drug!"
At the time of his death, he was working on an autobiography, The
Confessions of Rick James: Memoirs of a Superfreak, as well as a
new album. The book was finally published toward the end of 2007
by Colossus Books. It features a picture of his tombstone. He was
also supporting Teena Marie's tour of her album La Doña.
I'm Rick James is a documentary about the life and career of Rick
James released in 2008. James' daughter, Ty James, is a co-executive
producer of the film. The film was originally scheduled to be finished
and released in 2006, the filmmakers spent over an additional year
tweaking and adding scenes to the film. After almost three years
of production, it was completed in December 2007. The film is the
only documentary authorized by the estate and family of James. Music
producer David Tickle is the Executive Producer, Perry Santos (once
an assistant to James Cameron on Titanic) is the producer/director,
and HiddenDoor Documedia is the production company. Eddie Griffin,
Charlie Murphy, George Clinton and Janice Dickinson, also appear
in the film. Eddie Murphy, Freda O'Neal, Jeremiah O'Neal and Teena
Marie all declined to appear in the documentary; long time girlfriend
Alfie Davison who was a hidden fixture in James life since his signing
with Motown in the 1970s, also declined to appear in the film.
[edit] Death
On the morning of August 6, 2004, Rick James was found dead in his
Los Angeles, California, home at the Oakwood apartment complex on
Barham Boulevard by his caretaker. James had died from pulmonary
failure and cardiac failure with his various health conditions of
diabetes, stroke, a pacemaker, and a heart attack. Through his autopsy
it was discovered he was under the influence of alprazolam, diazepam,
bupropion, citalopram, hydrocodone, digoxin, chlorpheniramine, methamphetamine
and cocaine.[3] However the coroner would go on to say; "None
of the drugs or drug combinations were found to be at levels that
were life threatening in and of themselves."[4] He was buried
at Forest Lawn Cemetery in Buffalo.
[edit] Discography
Main article: Rick James discography
[edit] Studio albums
Come Get It!
Bustin' Out of L Seven
Fire It Up
Garden of Love
Street Songs
Throwin' Down
Cold Blooded
Glow
The Flag
Wonderful
Kickin'
Urban Rapsody
Deeper Still