Robyn Rihanna Fenty (born February 20, 1988), better known as simply
Rihanna (pronounced /ri'??n?/ ree-YAH-n? or /ri'æn?/ ree-AN-?),
is a Barbadian pop and R&B recording artist and songwriter.[3]
Born in Saint Michael, Barbados, Rihanna moved to the United States
at the age of 16 to pursue a recording career under the guidance
of record producer Evan Rogers. She subsequently signed a contract
with Def Jam Recordings after auditioning for then-label head Jay-Z.
In 2005, Rihanna released her debut studio album, Music of the Sun,
which peaked in the top ten of the Billboard 200 chart and features
the Billboard Hot 100 hit single "Pon de Replay." Less
than a year later, she released her second studio album, A Girl Like
Me (2006), which peaked within the top five of the Billboard albums
chart, and produced her first US number one hit single, "SOS",
as well as Billboard Hot 100 top ten entries "Unfaithful" and "Break
It Off". Rihanna's third studio album, Good Girl Gone Bad (2007),
peaking at number two on the Billboard 200, featured five top ten
hits including three US number one hit singles—"Umbrella", "Take
a Bow" and "Disturbia"—and the worldwide hit "Don't
Stop the Music". The album was nominated for nine Grammy Awards,
winning Best Rap/Sung Collaboration for "Umbrella," which
features Jay-Z.[5][6] Her fourth studio album, Rated R, was released
in November 2009, and peaked at number four on the Billboard 200.
Its first three singles, "Russian Roulette", "Hard" and "Rude
Boy" peaked within the top ten of the Billboard Hot 100, with "Rude
Boy" peaking at number one. She released her fifth studio album,
Loud, in November 2010, that features the US and UK number one singles, "Only
Girl (In the World)" and "What's My Name?".[7][8]
Rihanna has sold more than 25 million albums[9] and 45 million singles
worldwide.[10] She has achieved nine number-one singles on the Billboard
Hot 100 since first appearing on the chart on June 11, 2005, which
is the most by any artist during that time span.[11][12] As of July
23, 2010, Rihanna has sold approximately 5,563,000 album units in
the US.[13] Billboard named Rihanna the Digital Songs Artist of the
2000s decade.[14] She has received several accolades, including the
2007 World Music Awards for World's Best-Selling Pop Female Artist
and Female Entertainer of the Year, as well as the 2008 American
Music Awards for Favorite Soul/R&B Female Artist and Favorite
Pop/Rock Female Artist.[15][16] She serves as one of Barbados's honorary
cultural ambassadors.[17] In January 2010, Rihanna received two Grammy
Awards for Jay-Z's 2009 single "Run This Town".
Rihanna was born in Saint Michael, Barbados on February 20, 1988,
to Monica, an accountant, and Ronald Fenty, a warehouse supervisor.[19]
Her mother, a native of Guyana, is Afro-Guyanese, and her father
is of Barbadian and Irish descent.[20] She is the oldest of three
siblings; two younger brothers, Rorrey and Rajad Fenty.[21] She began
singing at around the age of seven.[21] Her childhood was deeply
affected by her father's addiction to crack cocaine and her parents'
rocky marriage, which ended when she was fourteen years old.[19]
Rihanna attended Charles F. Broome Memorial School, a primary school
in Barbados, and then the Combermere School, where she formed a musical
trio with two of her classmates at the age of fifteen.[21] In 2004
she won the Miss Combermere Beauty Pageant.[22] She was an army cadet
in a sub-military programme that trained with the military of Barbados
and Shontelle was her drill sergeant.[23]
In 2003, friends introduced Rihanna and her two bandmates to record
producer Evan Rogers, who was vacationing in Barbados with his wife.
The group auditioned for Rogers, who said that "the minute Rihanna
walked into the room, it was like the other two girls didn't exist." While
auditioning for Rogers, Rihanna sang Destiny's Child's cover of "Emotion".[21]
Over the next year, Rihanna and her mom shuttled back and forth to
Rogers' home in Stamford, Connecticut. Then, shortly after turning
16, she relocated in the United States and moved in with Rogers and
his wife.[21] Carl Sturken helped her record a four-song demo,[24]
which included the ballad "Last Time", a cover of Whitney
Houston's hit "For the Love of You",[21] and what would
become her first hit, "Pon de Replay", to send to various
recording companies. It took a year to record the demos, because
Rihanna was going to school and would only record during summer and
Christmas school breaks.[21] Her demo made its way to Def Jam, which
invited her to audition for the label's then-president, Jay-Z, who
quickly signed her.[22][25]
2005–06: Music of the Sun and A Girl Like Me
After signing with Def Jam, she spent the next three months recording
and completing her debut album.[4] The album featured production
from Evan Rogers, Carl Sturken, Stargate and Poke & Tone.[26]
She first collaborated with rapper Memphis Bleek on his fourth studio
album 534 before her debut. She released her debut single, "Pon
de Replay", on August 22, 2005, which peaked at number two on
the Billboard Hot 100 and the UK Singles Chart.[27] It became a global
hit where it peaked within the top ten across fifteen countries.
Her debut album, Music of the Sun, was released in August 2005[28]
in the United States. The album reached number ten on the Billboard
200, selling 69,000 copies in its first week.[29] The album sold
over two million copies worldwide and received a Gold certification
by the Recording Industry Association of America, denoting shipments
to US retailers of over 500,000 units.[30]
"
Pon de Replay" (2005)
Play sound
"
Pon de Replay" is Rihanna's debut single. The song encompasses
the reggae genre using a mixture of dance-pop and R&B.
Problems listening to this file? See media help.
Her music was marketed within the reggae genres because of her Caribbean
descent. The album received mixed reviews by music critics. Rolling
Stone magazine rated it 2.5 out of 5 stars and described as lacking
the replay value, ingenuity and rhythm of the single with "generic
vocal hiccups and frills" of US R&B inflecting upon her "Caribbean
charm".[31] Sal Cinquemani of Slant Magazine described the album
as a "glut of teen R&B chanteuses " and described her
lead single "Pon de Replay" as "a dancehall-pop mixture
that owes plenty of its sweat and shimmy to Beyoncé's "Baby
Boy".[26] A reviewer for Entertainment Weekly commented that
the "dancehall/R&B debut is filled with chintzy production
and maudlin arrangements that block out the Music of the Sun."[32]
The albums second single, "If It's Lovin' that You Want"[33]
was less successful than "Pon de Replay", having managed
a peak position of number thirty-six in the US, and number eleven
on the UK Singles Chart.[27] In Australia, Ireland and New Zealand
the single proved to be well-received reaching the top ten in those
countries.
A month after the release of her debut album, she began working
on her second studio album.[34] The album contained production from
record producers Evan Rogers and Carl Sturken who produced most of
her debut album, Stargate, J. R. Rotem and label-mate singer-songwriter
Ne-Yo.[35] While recording the album, Rihanna served as an opening
act for Gwen Stefani to promote her debut album.[36] The lead single, "SOS",
peaked at number one on the Billboard Hot 100, becoming her first
number-one in the United States.[27] A Girl Like Me was released
in April 2006,[37] less than eight months after her debut. The album
reached number five on the Billboard 200[29] selling 115,000 copies
in its first week and has been certified platinum by the RIAA, having
shipped over one million units.[30][38] Internationally, the album
peaked at number one on the Top Canadian Albums, five on the UK Albums
Chart and number five on the Irish Album Chart. The critical response
to the album was mixed; Rolling Stone magazine commented "Like
her filler-packed debut album, this similar but superior follow-up
doesn't deliver anything else as ingenious as its lead single."[39]
Critics described the album as a record that almost identically alternates
between the sunny dancehall/dub-pop, hip-hop-infused club bangers
and gushy, adult-oriented ballads.[40] The second single, "Unfaithful",
became a major worldwide hit, reaching the top ten in dozen countries
around the world, including the United States where it reached number
six on the Billboard Hot 100, as well as topping the charts in Canada,
France and Switzerland. The albums third single, "We Ride"[41]
failed to reprise the success of the lead single but the fourth single, "Break
It Off" featuring Sean Paul, jumped from number fifty-two to
number ten eventually peaking at number nine.[42][43] After the release
of the album, Rihanna embarked on her first headlining tour, the
Rihanna: Live in Concert Tour. She then embarked on the Rock The
Block Tour and then toured with Pussycat Dolls from November 2006
to February 2007 in the United Kingdom.[44] Rihanna also made her
acting debut in a cameo role in the straight-to-DVD film Bring It
On: All or Nothing, which was released on August 8, 2006.[45]
2007–08: Good Girl Gone Bad
With her third studio album, Good Girl Gone Bad (2007), Rihanna
wanted to head in a new direction with the help of music producers
Timbaland, will.i.am and Sean Garrett, and re-imagine her album compositions[46]
with fresh, uptempo dance tracks.[47] She adopted a more rebellious
image while recording the album, eventually dying her hair black
and cutting it short. Rihanna commented, "I want to keep people
dancing but still be soulful at the same time [...] You feel different
every album, and [at] this stage I feel like I want to do a lot of
uptempo [songs]."[47] The album topped the charts in countries
like the United Kingdom, Canada, Japan, Brazil, Russia and Ireland,
and peaked at number two in the United States and Australia. Unlike
previous work, the album featured a more dance-pop sound instead
of the dancehall, reggae and ballad styles. The album received positive
reviews by critics, becoming her most critically acclaimed album
at that time compared to her previous efforts.[48]
Rihanna performing at the Brisbane Entertainment Centre
The album yielded eight hit singles — all singles reaching
the top twenty on the Billboard Hot 100 — including the worldwide
number-one hit "Umbrella," featuring Jay-Z. In addition
to reaching number one in various countries, "Umbrella" was
the number-one single in the United Kingdom for ten consecutive weeks,[49]
making it the longest-running number-one single since Wet Wet Wet's
single "Love Is All Around" spent fifteen weeks at the
top in 1994.[50] The song is listed number three on the 100 Best
Songs of 2007 published by Rolling Stone magazine.[51] Her other
singles, "Shut Up and Drive", "Don't Stop The Music" and "Hate
That I Love You" were able to mirror the success of "Umbrella," with "Don't
Stop the Music" reaching number three on the Billboard Hot 100
while peaking at number one in various countries.[52] With the re-issue
of her third album, titled Good Girl Gone Bad: Reloaded, which was
released in June 2008. Rihanna released the first singles from the
re-release "Take a Bow"[53] — which became a worldwide
number-one hit — the duet with Maroon 5, "If I Never See
Your Face Again,"[54] and the other US number-one hit "Disturbia."[55] "Disturbia" reached
to number four before reaching number one, as her previous single, "Take
a Bow", was at number two, making Rihanna the seventh female
singer to have two songs in the top five. Meanwhile, Rihanna was
featured on rapper T.I.'s "Live Your Life," which peaked
at number-one on the Billboard Hot 100, giving Rihanna her fifth
number-one single on the Hot 100 thus far ("SOS," "Umbrella," "Take
a Bow" and "Disturbia," as well as T.I.'s "Live
Your Life").[56] This made Rihanna one of the two female solo
artist with the most number-one singles this decade, with the other
being Beyoncé Knowles. It has shipped over two million units
in the United States, receiving a two-times-platinum certification
from the RIAA; this gave Rihanna her best-selling album to date.[30]
Rihanna was nominated in four categories at the 2007 MTV Video Music
Awards, winning Monster Single of the Year and Video of the Year.[57]
At the 2008 Grammy Awards, Rihanna earned her first Grammy Award
for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration,[58] in addition to receiving five
other nominations, including Record of the Year, Best Dance Recording,
Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group and Best R&B Song.
In support of the album, she kicked off her second headlining tour
The Good Girl Gone Bad Tour on September 12, 2007, with several shows
across the United States, Canada and Europe[59] and then embarked
on the Glow in the Dark Tour with Kanye West, Lupe Fiasco, and N.E.R.D
on April 16, 2008.[60][61][62] Rihanna won Favorite Pop/Rock Female
Artist and Favorite Soul/R&B Female Artist at the 2008 American
Music Awards.[63] In December 2008, Margeaux Watson of Entertainment
Weekly wrote an article entitled "Rihanna: Diva of the year" which
he referred to her breakout success of 2008.[64]
2009: Domestic violence case and Rated R
On February 8, 2009, Rihanna's scheduled performance at the 2009
Grammy Awards was cancelled.[65] Reports later surfaced regarding
an alleged altercation with then-boyfriend, singer Chris Brown, who
was arrested on suspicion of making criminal threats.[66] On March
5, 2009, Brown was charged with assault and making criminal threats.[67]
Due to a leaked photograph from the Los Angeles Police Department
obtained by TMZ.com—which revealed Rihanna had sustained visible
injuries—an organization known as STOParazzi has proposed a
law called "Rihanna's Law," which, if enacted, would "deter
employees of law enforcement agencies from releasing photos or information
that exploits crime victims."[68] Gil Kaufman of VH1 reported "[t]he
nonstop coverage of the Rihanna/Brown case has brought up a number
of issues regarding the privacy of alleged victims of domestic violence,
including the decision by almost all major news outlets to divulge
the identity of the victim—which is not typically done in domestic-violence
cases" and the controversial distribution of the leaked photograph.[69]
Rihanna was subpoenaed to testify during a preliminary hearing in
L.A. on June 22, 2009.[70] "The DA told me Rihanna will be subpoenaed.
I will accept on her behalf," Rihanna's attorney, Donald Etra
told Us Weekly.[71] On June 22, 2009, Brown pled guilty to the felony
assault. In exchange for his plea Brown received five years probation
and was ordered to stay fifty yards away from Rihanna, unless at
public events, which then will be reduced to ten yards.[72]
Rihanna on the AMA red carpet in 2009
Rihanna made an appearance as the central character in Kanye West's
music video "Paranoid".[73] She also collaborated with
Jay-Z and West on "Run This Town"[74] which peaked at number
two on Billboard Hot 100 as well as reaching the top ten in ten other
countries. The song won the Grammy Award for Best Rap Song and Best
Rap/Sung Collaboration, bringing her total to three Grammys.[75]
Her fourth studio album, Rated R, was released in November 2009.[76]
Rolling Stone was favorable of the album commenting that "Rihanna
has transformed her sound and made one of the best pop records of
the year".[77] The album debuted at number four on the Billboard
200 and has been certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association
of America (RIAA) for shipment of one million copies.[30] Its first
three singles: "Russian Roulette", "Hard" and "Rude
Boy" peaked within the top ten on the Billboard Hot 100 with "Rude
Boy" reaching number-one. The song also topped the charts in
Australia, while reaching number two in the United Kingdom, the Republic
of Ireland, New Zealand and Switzerland.[78] In January 2010, Rihanna
won two Barbados Music Awards for "Song of the Decade" with "Umbrella" and "Entertainer
of the Decade". She was named "International Female Artist
of the Year" at the 2010 NRJ Music Awards.[79] Two other singles
were released from Rated R, which included "Rockstar 101" and
the final single from the album, "Te Amo". To further promote
the album, she embarked on her worldwide tour, the Last Girl on Earth
Tour.
2010–present: Loud
During the summer, Rihanna collaborated with rapper Eminem on "Love
the Way You Lie", which reached number one on the Billboard
Hot 100, as well as other countries including Australia, Canada,
Ireland, New Zealand, Norway and Sweden.[80] The song became Rihanna's
seventh number one hit single on the Hot 100 of her career, making
her the female artist with the fifth-most number ones in the chart's
history.[12] In August, 2010, a wax figure of Rihanna was unveiled
in Madame Tussauds in Washington D.C.[81] Rihanna was asked by Kanye
West in or around August 2010 to contribute to "All of the Lights",
the fifth track from West's fifth studio album, My Beautiful Dark
Twisted Fantasy. In an interview with MTV News, Rihanna stated that
she "loved" the song, which also features several other
artists, including but not limited to Alicia Keys, John Legend, Fergie
and Elton John.[82] On October 19, 2010, Rihanna released a self-titled
book,[83] and is currently working on Peter Berg's film, Battleship,
scheduled for release in 2012.[84] On October 20, 2010, Rihanna announced
that she was parting ways with manager Marc Jordan and will henceforth
be managed by Jay-Z's Roc Nation Management.[2] She is also starting
her own company, Rihanna Entertainment, in which she will "merge
all of her businesses including music, film, fragrance, fashion and
book ventures".[2]
Rihanna released her fifth studio album, Loud, on November 16, 2010.[85]
The album debuted at number three on the Billboard 200, selling 207,000
copies in its first week, becoming the fifth top-ten album of Rihanna's
career in the US, with her best week of sales.[86] Its lead single, "Only
Girl (In the World)", was digitally released in the United States
in September 2010.[87][88] After many weeks, the song reached number
one on the Billboard Hot 100. "Only Girl" also reached
number one in many other countries including Australia, Canada, and
the UK.[89][90][91] The album's second single, "What's My Name?",
featuring rapper Drake, also reached number one on the Billboard
Hot 100.[92] Although it was the second single from Loud, it reached
the top spot before the first single, "Only Girl (In the World)" making
it the first time in Hot 100 history that an album's debut single
reached number one after the second single.[93]
On December 5, 2010, Rihanna had three songs in the top ten on the
UK singles chart with "Only Girl (In The World)" at number
seven, "What's My Name?" at number eight, and the David
Guetta single "Who's That Chick?" at number nine.[94].
On January 9, 2011, the same three songs were in the top ten on the
UK singles chart with "What's My Name?" at number one, "Only
Girl (In The World)" at number nine, and the David Guetta single "Who's
That Chick?" at number ten.[95]
On January 9, 2011, "What's My Name?" hit the top spot
on the official UK singles chart, giving Rihanna the record of being
the first female solo artist to have 5 number one singles in the
UK in consecutive years. In 2007, "Umbrella" gave Rihanna
her first UK number one single; in 2008, "Take A Bow" gave
her her second; in 2009, "Run This Town" was the third;
in 2010, "Only Girl (In the World)" gave her her fourth
UK number one single. [96]
Artistry
Music and voice
Volume 65 of the Contemporary Black Biography book series notes
that "Rihanna is the rare rhythm and blues (R&B) diva to
emerge from the Caribbean world."[97] Becoming an international
sensation, Rihanna is known for blending R&B with Caribbean music,
such as reggae and dancehall.[98] Peter Coulter of the Antrim Times
commented that "[Rihanna] has an amazing voice which showed
during her acoustic set, she just needs to work on her audience engagement
during live shows."[99] At the time of her debut, reviewers
referred to her as a "bubblegum queen"[100] and her music
to "teen pop."[101] Larry Meyler of The Sun stated that "Rihanna
going bad is very good" and that she had "[shaken] off
any 'teen pop' image as she rocked the stage."[101] While performing
at the Ottawa Bluesfest, Denis Armstrong of Canadian Online Explorer
commented on her performance saying "her show was a Disney-esque
choreographed fantasy of non-stop hip-swivelling, sassy attitude
and personal endearments and a string of funky, sugar-free hits."[100]
After revealing a new image while headlining her first tour, she
was likely to be criticized for her tight leather outfit during each
show.[102] A review in The Times compared Rihanna's stage wardrobe
styling to that of Janet Jackson. He described her outfit as "a
vision of Ann Summers couture in thigh-high boots and a few scraps
of black PVC."[103] Stuart Derdeyn of The Province commented
that "even with the whole haute couture B&D clearly firing
on all points, she's still got a ways to go to become the new Janet
Jackson."[104]
Rihanna's musical style has changed during the release of her last
three albums. She was originally marketed as a reggae singer since
she burst into the music scene in 2005, with a styles of pop, R&B
and dancehall. Her music include various styles of musical genres,
including contemporary R&B, dance-pop and the Caribbean music
styles of reggae and dancehall.[105] With the release of Music of
the Sun and its lead single "Pon de Replay", Jason Birchmeier
of Allmusic described Rihanna's musical style as "synthesize
Caribbean rhythms and beats with standard-issue urban dance-pop:
Caribbean-inflected urban, if you will."[106] Rihanna is described
as utilizing "dancehall-lite beats and a reggae vocal cadence."[106]
NME describes the singer as a "heady mix of dancehall, reggae
and contemporary R&B."[107] Barry Walters of Rolling Stone
considers Rihanna's A Girl Like Me to be "lightweight dancehall
and R&B jams."[108] After the release of Good Girl Gone
Bad, Allmusic's Andy Kellman credits Rihanna to be "as pop as
pop gets."[109] Kelefa Sanneh of The New York Times described
her hit "Umbrella" as a lightweight pop confection with
a heavy hip-hop backbeat, a breezy love song enriched by those unexpectedly
goth-sounding keyboards and by the incongruous hint of anguish in
Rihanna’s girlish voice.[110]
Her debut album featured production from pop veterans Evan Rogers
and Carl Sturken who first discovered her. Sturken and Rogers have
collaborated with Rihanna many times, including with her debut single "Pon
de Replay", which helped launch her career with the tradition
of reggae and dance pop and collaborated on her sophomore album.
Rihanna then enlisted into the pop and contemporary R&B working
with music producer Stargate and singer-songwriter Ne-Yo on "Unfaithful"[47]
and sampling the key section, bass line, and drum beat from Soft
Cell's 1981 single "Tainted Love" on "SOS".[111]
With songs like "Kisses Don't Lie" and "Shut Up and
Drive", her music style became more rock-oriented.[34] Unlike
Music of the Sun or A Girl Like Me, her third album contained a more
dance-pop sound[112] and less of the dancehall, reggae and ballad
styles of her previous albums.[113] She has included various styles
of music from uptempo pop-reggae with "Pon De Replay",
to an 80's new wave fueled club banger "SOS" to the whiff
of gothic horror in a love song "Unfaithful". Most of her
love subject ballads contain a mid-tempo pop sound, with an R&B
influences that uses of a gently strummed acoustic guitar with the
production of Stargate and the songs written by Ne-Yo.[35] Some of
her up-tempo dance-pop songs include production from Carl Sturken
and Evan Rogers, Christopher "Tricky" Stewart and J. R.
Rotem.[114] She has taken to sampling songs from other artist like
Soft Cell's "Tainted Love" on "SOS",[111] New
Order's "Blue Monday" on "Shut Up and Drive" and
'70s original song "Soul Makossa" of Manu Dibango with
a part of the chorus from Michael Jackson's "Wanna Be Startin'
Somethin'" on "Don't Stop the Music".
Influences
One of Rihanna's major influences and idols is Mariah Carey. She
says, "I looked up to [Mariah] a lot and I still do. I admire
her as an artist, and to [compete with her] was a moment I will never
forget for the rest of my life.[45] Rihanna also considers Madonna
as one of her idols and biggest influences, saying "[Madonna]
has reinvented herself throughout her career and moved into different
areas. I want to be the black Madonna."[115] Of Janet Jackson,
Rihanna has commented that "[s]he was one of the first female
pop icons that I could relate to ... She was so vibrant, she had
so much energy. She still has power. I’ve seen her on stage,
and she can stand there for 20 minutes and have the whole arena scream
at her. You have to love Janet."[116] Beyoncé Knowles
has been named as a major influence,[117][118] citing that she was
inspired to start her career after watching Knowles on television
as part of a Destiny's Child performance.[119] Her other musical
influences include Bob Marley, Alicia Keys[120] Whitney Houston,
Destiny's Child, Celine Dion,[121] Brandy[122] and Gwen Stefani.[123]
Her friend and former Island Def Jam record label artist Fefe Dobson
was someone that she admired and looked up to, having a fellow artist
writing, singing, and performing the music she truly loves.[124][125]
Rihanna's music contains strong influences of caribbean music which
include reggae and dancehall. The video for "Rude Boy" was
inspired by her Caribbean roots.[126] In an interview, she stated
that while growing up in Barbados she grew up listening to reggae
music and when she came to the United States she was exposed to many
different types of music.[127] During The Good Girl Gone Bad Tour,
she did a cover to "Is This Love" which paid tribute to
Marley; she would later do a cover song to Bob Marley & The Wailers' "Redemption
Song".[128] Rihanna commented that Marilyn Monroe and vintage
clothing served for visual inspiration for the music video "Hate
That I Love You" and "Rehab"; in contrast, the "dark,
creepy" scenes of "Disturbia" have drawn comparison
to Michael Jackson's Thriller.[129][130] The music video ranked number
five on the "Top Five Most Paranoid Music Videos" published
by MTV Buzzworthy.[131] Jon Bream of the Star Tribune commented "[i]n
the tradition of Madonna and Janet Jackson, Rihanna has become the
video vixen of the '00s ... Rihanna has perfected the pout, the long-legged
strut and trend-setting hairdos that keep women and men alike checking
her out on YouTube."[129] George Epaminondas of InStyle considers
Rihanna's music videos to be "cinematic" due to her "blend
of lush island rhythms and swinging pop and ... mischievous sensuality."[132]
Image
Rihanna performing "Hard" on her Last Girl on Earth Tour
New York magazine described Rihanna's early look as a cookie-cutter
teen queen while stating that she has the ability to shift looks
so dramatically and with such ease.[133] During the release of her
sophomore album, many critics felt that Rihanna's sound and substance
was too heavily similar to that of Beyoncé.[134][135][136]
The media even made negative reviews comparing her music,[137] music
videos, performances[138][139] and even her image to Beyoncé,[140]
which garnered Rihanna much criticism.[141] Some media even claimed
that Jay-Z fashioned her to be a replica of Beyoncé.[139][142]
Since the release of her third album, Good Girl Gone Bad, Rihanna's
image has become a sex symbol and set herself apart from other R&B
starlets,[143] opting for designer couture over belly-baring crop
tops.[144] Sonya Magett of Black Voices reported that Rihanna's style
has become quite risqué since she burst onto the scene four
years ago.[145] Rihanna's fashion and style landed her on the list
of People's 10 Best Dressed Stars of 2008.[146] In 2009, she ranked
seventeenth on Glamour magazine's list of the 50 Most Glamorous Women.[147]
Tracey Lomrantz of Glamour commented, "If style risks could
be measured in miles, Rihanna would have criss-crossed the globe
a thousand times over already."[148] She has appeared on Maxim's
Hot 100 list for three consecutive years, from 2007 to 2009, listed
in positions eight,[149] fifteen,[150] and eight,[151] respectively.
In June 2007, Rihanna was named 2007 Venus Breeze's "Celebrity
Legs Of A Goddess" by Gillette.[152]
Rihanna's tattoos have drawn much media attention.[153] Her tattoos
include a music note tattoo on her ankle, a Pisces sign behind her
right ear,[154][155] a Sanskrit prayer going down her hip, a star
in her left ear,[156] the word love on her left middle finger,[157]
an Arabic phrase meaning "Freedom in Christ" on her ribcage
area,[158] a trail of stars going down the back of her neck,[159][160]
a skull with a pink hair bow, the phrase "shhh..." on her
right index finger,[161] the date 11.4.86 in Roman numerals on top
of her left shoulder,[162] a henna-style dragon claw including hibiscus
flowers,[163] a handgun under her right armpit, a six-word phrase
on her chest, and the phrase "rebelle fleur" on her neck,
said to mean "rebel/rebellious flower" in French.[164]
Her gun tattoo was planned to be just below her shoulders but was
ultimately located on her ribcage.[165] In answer to criticism for
her violence-themed tattoo, Keith "Bang Bang" McCurdy,
her tattoo artist, was quick to explain his opinion that the image
simply "represents strength and power".[166] Her thirteenth
tattoo which she had was on her chest and reads, "Never a failure,
always a lesson". She had it tattoed backwards, McCurdy says,
because she wanted to be able to read it in the mirror. When he asked
why she wanted it, she said that it was her "motto in life for
everything".[167]
Other ventures
In October 2005, Rihanna struck her first endorsement deal with
Secret Body Spray[168] for them to sponsor her first tour, Rihanna's
Secret Body Spray Tour[169] In 2006, Rihanna participated in several
endorsement deals, including Nike sportswear for the launch of her "SOS"[34]
and J. C. Penney. That same year, she received an endorsement deal
from Clinique to promote their Happy fragrance.[170] She recorded
a song written by Ne-Yo entitled "Just Be Happy" as part
of the deal to promote their Happy fragrance. Rihanna also recorded
a song called "Winning Women" with Pussycat Doll Nicole
Scherzinger for Procter & Gamble's female deodorant Secret. In
2007, Rihanna signed with CoverGirl and became a celebrity spokesperson
which included appearances on TV commercials[171][172] and in the
Barbados Tourism Authority's tourism commercials.
In December 2008, Rihanna contracted with Gucci to appear in their
ads for the Tattoo Heart Collection, a special-edition line.[173][174]
In the Gucci handbag ad, Rihanna is seen hanging from a giant hoop,
scantily clad in a barely-there white bodysuit and wearing an oversized
white Gucci purse.[175] The success of her single, "Umbrella" earned
her an endorsement deal with Totes.[176][177] Her handlers pitched
her hit "Umbrella" to Totes and the song became the soundtrack
for commercials in which she starred.[178] On April 8, 2009, it was
announced that Rihanna inked a fragrance deal with Jay-Z’s
licensing company Iconic Fragrances.[179] The fragrance is named
Reb'l Fleur and was released in 2011.[180] Rihanna was working with
her artistic director for Rated R, Simon Henwood, on the book Rihanna.
It was released on September 14, 2010.[181][182] In August 2010 Rihanna
began appearing in an Australian television advert for Optus, a position
previously held by Pink.[183]
Philanthropy
Rihanna created her Believe Foundation in 2006 to help terminally
ill children.[184][185] Rihanna explained her reasons for starting
the Foundation saying, "When I was young and I would watch television
and I would see all the children suffering, I always said: when I
grow up, I want to help."[186] Rihanna is also heavily involved
in the marketing of her native country of Barbados.[187] She began
by including the flag and broken trident in many of her videos, shooting
her album packaging for A Girl Like Me there.[187] In September 2007,
she became the official face of tourism for Barbados, being included
in many of their ad campaigns. She holds the honorary title of Ambassador
for Culture and Youth in Barbados.[188] She additionally was honored
by the Prime Minister David Thompson, who presented her with several
gifts at a national concert on February 20, 2008, in Barbados, called "Rihanna
Day".[189][190] In February 2008, Rihanna thanked and honoured
her country during the acceptance speech for her win of "Best
Rap/Sung Collaboration" at the Grammy Awards.[5] Although Rihanna
is heavily involved in the promotion of her country and works with
the government in Barbados to do so, she is often criticized by other
Barbadians[191] for everything from her music to her successes and
for wearing "skimpy clothes".[192][193] Rihanna, speaking
on one incident, said, "I went to the beach and I had on a one-piece
swimsuit with jeans [...] They took the picture and they made it
look like a top that was really revealing... There were [...] radio
programmes about it. It was a big deal for, like, three weeks straight – talking
about I'm not setting a good example."[194] Rihanna states she
was bullied at school. "Having lighter skin wasn’t a problem
in my household, but it was when I went to school — which really
confused me at first. The harassment continued to my very last day
of elementary school."[195]
Rihanna has performed a number of concerts to raise funds for both
charities and the Foundation and is a 2008 Cartier Love Charity Bracelet
Ambassador. She performed at Madonna’s Raising Malawi fundraiser
on February 6, 2008, in New York City.[196] After becoming an honorary
cultural ambassador for Barbados, Rihanna became involved with DKMS,
an international donor network based in Tübingen, Germany, to
try to find a donor for Lisa Gershowitz Flynn.[197] The Manhattan
attorney had been diagnosed in November with acute myelogenous leukemia.[198]
In January 2008, Rihanna contributed in the fight against AIDS when
she visited the H&M in New York to support Fashion Against AIDS
by presenting her t-shirt design and signing autographs for a limited
time with slogans like "Believe" and "Stop and Think."[199]
The collection features t-shirts and hoodies designed by Rihanna,
Timbaland and other well-known designers, musicians and artists.[200]
The line, called Fashion Against AIDS, was launched in February 2008
to raise awareness of the disease among teens and spread awareness
about HIV/AIDS.[201] In August 2008, Rihanna and other pop, rock,
R&B and country singers such as Carrie Underwood, Ciara, Beyoncé Knowles,
Leona Lewis, Mary J. Blige, Mariah Carey, and Fergie recorded the
charity single, "Just Stand Up!", the theme song to the
anti-cancer campaign Stand Up to Cancer and its theme song.[202]
The singers performed the song live on September 5, 2008.[203] Rihanna
was also selected as the spokesmodel for Gucci’s first United
Nations Children's Fund ad campaign.[204] She appeared in the fashion
house’s Tattoo Heart campaign, which premiered in December
2008.[205] Rihanna was photographed in series of special edition
print ads with United Nations Children's Fund items, twenty-five
percent of sales will benefit the children’s charity.[206]
On November 19, 2008, Rihanna was enlisted by Gucci's Frida Giannini
along with Madonna to light the United Nations Children's Fund Christmas
snowflake in New York City at the Grand Army Plaza.[207] In 2008,
she became the global representative and the face of the 4th annual
Gucci Campaign to Benefit United Nations Children's Fund. The campaign
aimed to raise funds for children in Africa through the sale of its
Tattoo Heart collection of bags, which launched worldwide on November
19, 2008.[208] Rihanna has been a part of many benefit concerts to
help raise money for various illnesses, such as cancer for Hope Rocks.[209]
Rihanna performed on January 20, 2009, at the Recording Industry
Association of America's Presidential Inauguration Charity Ball to
raise money for the world largest anti-hunger organization.[210][211][212]
On April 2, 2009, Rihanna visited the NYU Medical Center to help
look for another bone marrow donor for a young girl named Jasmina
Anema.[213][214] Rihanna first learned about Anema's plight in February
2009, when she saw the moving video Anema's best friend, Isabelle
Huurman, and her mother, Karen Detrick, made appealing for donors
to save Anema.[215] Rihanna honored Anema's best friend, Isabella,
for her efforts for trying to save her best friend at a DKMS Gala
on May 7, 2009. Jasmina Anema eventually received her transplant
on June 11, 2009,[216][217][218] but died on January 27, 2010.[219]
In September 2009, Rihanna performed at Jay-Z's "Answer to Call" concert,
which paid tribute to the police officers and firefighters who died
on the September 11 attacks.[220]
Discography
Main article: Rihanna discography
* Music of the Sun (2005)
* A Girl Like Me (2006)
* Good Girl Gone Bad (2007)
* Rated R (2009)
* Loud (2010)
Tours
Main article: List of Rihanna tours
Headlining Tours
* Rihanna: Live in Concert Tour, 2006
* The Good Girl Gone Bad Tour, 2007—2009
* Last Girl on Earth Tour, 2010—2011
* Loud Tour, 2011
Promotional Tours
* Rihanna's Secret Body Spray Tour, 2005
* A Girl's Night Out, 2007
Featured Tours
* PCD World Tour, 2006
* Rock Tha Block Tour, 2006
* Glow in the Dark Tour, 2008